I-Ching
Current
Changing
Transformed
Current
37 - Chia Jên / The Family (The Clan)
Above: SUN THE GENTLE, WIND
Below: LI THE CLINGING, FIRE
The hexagram represents the laws obtaining within the family. The strong line at the top represents the father, the lowest the son. The strong line in the fifth place represents the husband, the yielding second line the wife. On the other hand, the two strong lines in the fifth and the third place represent two brothers, and the two weak lines correlated with them in the fourth and the second place stand for their respective wives. Thus, all the connections and relationships within the family find their appropriate expression. Each individual line has the character corresponding with its place. The fact that a strong line occupies the sixth place, where a weak line might be expected, indicates very clearly the strong leadership that must come from the head of the family. The line is to be considered here not in its quality as the sixth but in its quality as the top line. THE FAMILY shows the laws operative within the household that, transferred to outside life, keep the state and the world in order. The influence that goes out from within the family is represented by the symbol of the wind created by fire.
The foundation of the family is the relationship between husband and wife. The tie that holds the family together lies in the loyalty and perseverance of the wife. Her place is within (second line), while that of the husband is without (fifth line). It is in accord with the great laws of nature that husband and wife take their proper places. Within the family a strong authority is needed, and this is represented by the parents. If the father is really a father and the son a son, if the elder brother fulfills his position, and the younger fulfills his, if the husband is really a husband and the wife a wife, then the family is in order. When the family is in order, all the social relationships of mankind will be in order.
Three of the five social relationships are to be found within the family, that between father and son, which is the relation of love, that between the husband and wife, which is the relation of chaste conduct, and that between elder and younger brother, which is the relation of correctness. The loving reverence of the son is then carried over to the prince in the form of faithfulness to duty, and the affection and correctness of behavior existing between the two brothers is extended to a friend in the form of loyalty, and to a person of superior rank in the form of deference. The family is society in an embryonic form, as it is the native soil on which performance of moral duty is made easy through natural affection, so that within a small circle a basis of moral practice is created, and this is later widened to include human relationships in general.
Heat releases energy, and this is signified by the wind stirred up by the fire and issuing forth from it. This represents influence working from within, outward. The same thing is needed in the regulation of the family. Here too, the influence on others must proceed form ones own person. In order to be capable of producing such an influence, ones words must have power, and this they can have only if they are based on something real, just as flame depends on its fuel, words have influence only when they are pertinent and clearly related to definite circumstances. General discourses and admonitions have no effect whatsoever. Furthermore, the words must be supported by ones entire conduct, just as the wind is made effective by its duration. Only firm and consistent conduct will make such an impression on others that they can adapt and conform to it. If words and conduct are not in accord and not consistent, they will have no effect.
Above: SUN THE GENTLE, WIND
Below: LI THE CLINGING, FIRE
The hexagram represents the laws obtaining within the family. The strong line at the top represents the father, the lowest the son. The strong line in the fifth place represents the husband, the yielding second line the wife. On the other hand, the two strong lines in the fifth and the third place represent two brothers, and the two weak lines correlated with them in the fourth and the second place stand for their respective wives. Thus, all the connections and relationships within the family find their appropriate expression. Each individual line has the character corresponding with its place. The fact that a strong line occupies the sixth place, where a weak line might be expected, indicates very clearly the strong leadership that must come from the head of the family. The line is to be considered here not in its quality as the sixth but in its quality as the top line. THE FAMILY shows the laws operative within the household that, transferred to outside life, keep the state and the world in order. The influence that goes out from within the family is represented by the symbol of the wind created by fire.
The Judgement
THE FAMILY. The perseverance of the woman furthers.The foundation of the family is the relationship between husband and wife. The tie that holds the family together lies in the loyalty and perseverance of the wife. Her place is within (second line), while that of the husband is without (fifth line). It is in accord with the great laws of nature that husband and wife take their proper places. Within the family a strong authority is needed, and this is represented by the parents. If the father is really a father and the son a son, if the elder brother fulfills his position, and the younger fulfills his, if the husband is really a husband and the wife a wife, then the family is in order. When the family is in order, all the social relationships of mankind will be in order.
Three of the five social relationships are to be found within the family, that between father and son, which is the relation of love, that between the husband and wife, which is the relation of chaste conduct, and that between elder and younger brother, which is the relation of correctness. The loving reverence of the son is then carried over to the prince in the form of faithfulness to duty, and the affection and correctness of behavior existing between the two brothers is extended to a friend in the form of loyalty, and to a person of superior rank in the form of deference. The family is society in an embryonic form, as it is the native soil on which performance of moral duty is made easy through natural affection, so that within a small circle a basis of moral practice is created, and this is later widened to include human relationships in general.
The Image
Wind comes forth from fire: The image of THE FAMILY. Thus, the superior man has substance in his words and duration in his way of life.Heat releases energy, and this is signified by the wind stirred up by the fire and issuing forth from it. This represents influence working from within, outward. The same thing is needed in the regulation of the family. Here too, the influence on others must proceed form ones own person. In order to be capable of producing such an influence, ones words must have power, and this they can have only if they are based on something real, just as flame depends on its fuel, words have influence only when they are pertinent and clearly related to definite circumstances. General discourses and admonitions have no effect whatsoever. Furthermore, the words must be supported by ones entire conduct, just as the wind is made effective by its duration. Only firm and consistent conduct will make such an impression on others that they can adapt and conform to it. If words and conduct are not in accord and not consistent, they will have no effect.
Changing
Nine at the beginning means:
Darkening of the light during flight. He lowers his wings. The superior man does not eat for three days on his wanderings, as he has somewhere to go. The host has occasion to gossip about him.
With grandiose resolve a man endeavors to soar above all obstacles, but thus encounters a hostile fate. He retreats and evades the issue. The time is difficult. Without rest, he must hurry along, with no permanent abiding place. If he does not want to make compromises within himself, but insists on remaining true to his principles, he suffers deprivation. Nevertheless, he has a fixed goal to strive for even though the people with whom he lives do not understand him and speak ill of him.
Darkening of the light during flight. He lowers his wings. The superior man does not eat for three days on his wanderings, as he has somewhere to go. The host has occasion to gossip about him.
With grandiose resolve a man endeavors to soar above all obstacles, but thus encounters a hostile fate. He retreats and evades the issue. The time is difficult. Without rest, he must hurry along, with no permanent abiding place. If he does not want to make compromises within himself, but insists on remaining true to his principles, he suffers deprivation. Nevertheless, he has a fixed goal to strive for even though the people with whom he lives do not understand him and speak ill of him.
Six in the second place means:
Darkening of the light injures him in the left thigh. He gives aid with the strength of a horse. Good fortune.
Here, the Lord of Light is in a subordinate place and is wounded by the Lord of Darkness, but the injury is not fatal, but is only a hindrance. Rescue is still possible. The wounded man gives no thought to himself, and he thinks only of saving the others who are also in danger. Therefore, he tries with all his strength to save all that can be saved. There is thus good fortune in acting according to duty.
Darkening of the light injures him in the left thigh. He gives aid with the strength of a horse. Good fortune.
Here, the Lord of Light is in a subordinate place and is wounded by the Lord of Darkness, but the injury is not fatal, but is only a hindrance. Rescue is still possible. The wounded man gives no thought to himself, and he thinks only of saving the others who are also in danger. Therefore, he tries with all his strength to save all that can be saved. There is thus good fortune in acting according to duty.
Transformed
36 - Ming I / Darkening of the Light
Above: K`UN THE RECEPTIVE, EARTH
Below: LI THE CLINGING, FIRE
Here the sun has sunk under the earth and is therefore darkened. The name of the hexagram means literally "wounding of the bright", thus the individual lines contain frequent references to wounding. The situation is the exact opposite of that in the foregoing hexagram. In the latter a wise man at the head of affairs has able helpers, and in company with them makes progress, but here a man of dark nature is in a position of authority and brings harm to the wise and able man.
One must not unresistingly let himself be swept along by unfavorable circumstances, nor permit his steadfastness to be shaken. He can avoid this by maintaining his inner light, while remaining outwardly yielding and tractable. With this attitude he can overcome even the greatest adversities.
In some situations indeed a man must hide his light, in order to make his will prevail despite difficulties in his immediate environment. Perseverance must dwell in his inmost consciousness and should not be discernible from without. Only thus is a man able to maintain his will in the face of difficulties.
In a time of darkness it is essential to be cautious and reserved. One should not needlessly awaken overwhelming enmity by inconsiderate behavior. In such times one ought not to fall in with the practices of others neither should one drag them censoriously into the light. In social intercourse one should not try to be all-knowing. One should let many things pass, without being duped.
Above: K`UN THE RECEPTIVE, EARTH
Below: LI THE CLINGING, FIRE
Here the sun has sunk under the earth and is therefore darkened. The name of the hexagram means literally "wounding of the bright", thus the individual lines contain frequent references to wounding. The situation is the exact opposite of that in the foregoing hexagram. In the latter a wise man at the head of affairs has able helpers, and in company with them makes progress, but here a man of dark nature is in a position of authority and brings harm to the wise and able man.
The Judgement
DARKENING OF THE LIGHT. In adversity, it furthers one to be persevering.One must not unresistingly let himself be swept along by unfavorable circumstances, nor permit his steadfastness to be shaken. He can avoid this by maintaining his inner light, while remaining outwardly yielding and tractable. With this attitude he can overcome even the greatest adversities.
In some situations indeed a man must hide his light, in order to make his will prevail despite difficulties in his immediate environment. Perseverance must dwell in his inmost consciousness and should not be discernible from without. Only thus is a man able to maintain his will in the face of difficulties.
The Image
The light has sunk into the earth: The image of DARKENING OF THE LIGHT. Thus, does the superior man live with the great masses while he veils his light, yet still shines.In a time of darkness it is essential to be cautious and reserved. One should not needlessly awaken overwhelming enmity by inconsiderate behavior. In such times one ought not to fall in with the practices of others neither should one drag them censoriously into the light. In social intercourse one should not try to be all-knowing. One should let many things pass, without being duped.